dummy value indicating whether or not the respondent answered the skill question "Which party in the Grand Council was unanimously in favour of the initiative?" about the cantonal proposal "JA! für euse Wald" correctly (only voters)

dummy value indicating whether or not the respondent answered the skill question "In how many cantons can the Swiss abroad currently take part in the elections for the Council of States?" about the cantonal proposal "Ständeratswahlrecht für Auslandschweizerinnen und Auslandschweizer" correctly (only voters)

dummy value indicating whether or not the respondent answered the skill question "In which elections can Aargau citizens living abroad currently take part?" about the cantonal proposal "Ständeratswahlrecht für Auslandschweizerinnen und Auslandschweizer" correctly (only voters)

dummy value indicating whether or not the respondent answered the skill question "Which of the two current Argovian members of the Council of States, Pascale Bruderer and Philipp Müller, will be standing again in the 2019 elections?" about the cantonal proposal "Ständeratswahlrecht für Auslandschweizerinnen und Auslandschweizer" correctly (only voters)

respondent's substantive participation status at the current ballot (blank votes count as 'not participated')

respondent's participation status regarding the federal proposals of the current ballot (blank votes count as 'participated')

respondent's substantive participation status regarding the federal proposals of the current ballot (blank votes count as 'not participated')

respondent's participation status regarding the cantonal proposals of the current ballot (blank votes count as 'participated')

respondent's substantive participation status regarding the cantonal proposals of the current ballot (blank votes count as 'not participated')

dummy value indicating whether or not the User-Agent string of the respondent's web browser corresponds to a mobile device (smartphone, tablet etc.; only online respondents)

respondent's latent expertise on the cantonal proposal "JA! für euse Wald" (based on a 2–3 parameter logistic Item Response Theory (IRT) model, also known as Birnbaum model, fed with passed_skill_question_1_cantonal_proposal_1, passed_skill_question_2_cantonal_proposal_1 and passed_skill_question_3_cantonal_proposal_1; only voters)