1 = male
2 = female
3 = indeterminate/other

how attached the respondent feels to his/her current canton of residence
1 = 0 (not attached at all)
2 = 1
3 = 2
4 = 3
5 = 4 (strongly attached)

respondent's interest in Swiss politics
1 = not interested at all
2 = rather uninterested
3 = rather interested
4 = very interested

1 = not participated
2 = participated

1 = is not true
2 = is true

respondent's voting decision on the 1st federal proposal (only voters)
1 = yes (affirmative vote)
2 = no (negative vote)
3 = empty (blank vote) or not voted

importance the respondent attaches to the 1st federal proposal
1 = 0 (not important at all)
2 = 1
3 = 2
4 = 3
5 = 4
6 = 5
7 = 6
8 = 7
9 = 8
10 = 9
11 = 10 (very important)

whether or not the respondent would be personally affected by the adoption of the 1st federal proposal
1 = no
2 = yes, for the better
3 = yes, for the worse

respondent's information level on the 1st federal proposal
1 = 0 (not informed at all)
2 = 1
3 = 2
4 = 3
5 = 4
6 = 5
7 = 6
8 = 7
9 = 8
10 = 9
11 = 10 (very well informed)

level of difficulty in understanding the 1st federal proposal for the respondent (only voters)
1 = rather easy
2 = rather difficult

respondent's time of decision concerning the 1st federal proposal (only voters)
1 = from the very beginning
2 = during the voting campaign
3 = at the last moment

respondent's agreement to the 1st pro-argument in favor of the 2nd federal proposal (only voters)
1 = strongly disagree
2 = rather disagree
3 = rather agree
4 = fully agree

importance the respondent attaches to the 1st pro-argument in favor of the 2nd federal proposal (only voters)
1 = irrelevant
2 = rather unimportant
3 = rather important
4 = very important

respondent's answer to the 1st skill question about the 2nd federal proposal (only voters)
1 = The Federal Council
2 = The Federal Assembly
3 = The Federal Supreme Court itself
4 = The people
5 = Cantons can order the shoot-down of a wolf if it has caused damage before despite herd protection measures.
6 = Cantons can order the shoot-down of single wolves if they behave abnormally or become dangerous.

respondent's answer to the 2nd skill question about the 2nd federal proposal (only voters)
1 = …federal judges may no longer belong to any party.
2 = …a random procedure should decide on the election of professionally and personally suitable candidates.
3 = …federal judges be allowed to make anonymous decisions in exceptional cases in order to guarantee their own security (
4 = about 50–200 animals
5 = about 300–500 animals
6 = over 1000 animals

respondent's answer to the 3rd skill question about the 2nd federal proposal (only voters)
1 = …the different genders, political views and official languages are all equally represented.
2 = …candidates do not have to have any party ties to get elected.
3 = …candidates all have an equal chance of being elected.
4 = …incumbents must stand for re-election every six years.
5 = Grüne and GLP
6 = CVP and SVP
7 = WWF and Pro Natura

respondent's answer to the 1st skill question about the 3rd federal proposal (only voters)
1 = They are already in force.
2 = They become/became effective on the voting Sunday of November 28, 2021.
3 = They become effective one month after the date of voting.
4 = They will become effective on January 1, 2022.

respondent's answer to the 2nd skill question about the 3rd federal proposal (only voters)
1 = …has been vaccinated against COVID-19.
2 = …has been vaccinated against COVID-19 or has been in quarantine for a certain period of time.
3 = …has been vaccinated against COVID-19 or has tested negative.
4 = …has been vaccinated against, tested negative for, or recovered from COVID-19.

respondent's answer to the 3rd skill question about the 3rd federal proposal (only voters)
2 = Those provisions/amendments adopted by the Federal Assembly on March 19, 2021, cease to apply immediately.
3 = Those provisions/amendments adopted by the Federal Assembly on March 19, 2021, expire on March 19, 2022
4 = The entire Covid-19 Act will expire no later than the end of the year.

whether or not the respondent used free newspapers and free online journalism / news sites to learn about the federal proposals (only voters)
1 = not used
2 = used

how often the respondent discussed the federal proposals with acquaintances
1 = never
2 = rarely
3 = now and then
4 = frequently

respondent's primary source of political information (on- vs. offline)
1 = online, i.e. via the Internet
2 = offline, for example via print media, television or radio
3 = on- as well as offline to about the same extent
4 = I never inform myself about politics

whether the respondent wants as many fellow human beings as possible to be vaccinated
1 = no, absolutely not
2 = rather no
3 = don't care
4 = rather yes
5 = yes, absolutely

respondent's COVID-19 vaccination status
1 = no, I do not want to be vaccinated
2 = no, I am still undecided
3 = no, but I would like to be vaccinated
4 = yes, I am vaccinated once
5 = yes, I am vaccinated twice

respondent's assessment of the current political measures to fight the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland
1 = go way too little far
2 = tend to go too little far
3 = are appropriate
4 = tend to go too far
5 = go way too far

respondent's assessment of the federal COVID-19 crisis management so far
1 = very happy
2 = rather unhappy
3 = rather happy

1 = SVP
2 = SP
3 = FDP
4 = Mitte
5 = Grüne
6 = GLP
7 = EVP
8 = custom answer
9 = none
10 = CVP
11 = BDP

respondent's left-right self-positioning
1 = 0 (far left)
2 = 1
3 = 2
4 = 3
5 = 4
6 = 5 (middle)
7 = 6
8 = 7
9 = 8
10 = 9
11 = 10 (far right)

respondent's trust in the cantonal government
1 = 0 (no trust at all)
2 = 1
3 = 2
4 = 3
5 = 4
6 = 5
7 = 6
8 = 7
9 = 8
10 = 9
11 = 10 (complete trust)

respondent's preferred term of office for federal judges
1 = six-year term of office, unlimited re-election
2 = six-year term of office, re-election up to a maximum of 70 years of age
3 = one-time term of office limited to 70 years of age
4 = unlimited term of office

respondent's preferred level of Switzerland opening up to foreign countries
1 = 1 (opens more to the outside)
2 = 2
3 = 3
4 = 4
5 = 5 (closes off more)

respondent's preferred level of equality of opportunities for foreigners in relation to Swiss nationals
1 = 1 (equal opportunities)
2 = 2
3 = 3
4 = 4
5 = 5 (better opportunities for Swiss)

respondent's attitude towards the opposition between an extended social welfare state and more individual responsibility
1 = 1 (stronger welfare state)
2 = 2
3 = 3
4 = 4
5 = 5 (higher self-responsibility)

respondent's attitude towards the opposition between state intervention and market competition
1 = 1 (stronger state control)
2 = 2
3 = 3
4 = 4
5 = 5 (more corporate freedom)

respondent's attitude towards the continuation of e-voting for Swiss abroad in his/her canton of residence (2020-10-18 only online respondents)
1 = clearly against
2 = rather against
3 = rather in favor
4 = clearly in favor

1 = single
2 = married
3 = widowed
4 = divorced
5 = in civil union
6 = dissolved civil union

1 = none/undenominational
2 = Protestant/Reformed/Evangelical
3 = Catholic/Christian Catholic/Old Catholic
4 = Jewish
5 = Muslim
6 = other

respondent's highest level of education
1 = no graduation
2 = compulsory schooling
3 = apprenticeship, commercial diploma
4 = academic high school, Federal Vocational Baccalaureate, graduate/technical secondary school
5 = higher vocational training, higher vocational school
6 = technical college/polytechnic
7 = university, ETH

1 = self-employed/freelancer
2 = employee in the company of the own family
3 = employee
4 = apprentice
5 = student
6 = pensioner
7 = unemployed
8 = inactive person with disability
9 = housewife/househusband
10 = other inactive person

1 = never had a job
2 = self-employed/freelancer
3 = employee in the company of the own family
4 = employee
5 = apprentice
6 = something else

respondent's current employment level (only economically active persons)
1 = part-time employed less than 50 %
2 = part-time employed 50–69 %
3 = part-time employed 70–89 %
4 = full-time employed 90 % or more

respondent's professional position (only employees)
1 = normal employee
2 = employee with management tasks/trainer
3 = directorial employee

1 = private sector
2 = public sector
3 = non-profit sector
4 = mixed-economy sector

size of the company the respondent works for (only economically active persons)
1 = 1–9
2 = 10–49
3 = 50–249
4 = 250–999
5 = 1'000+

1 = manufacturing of products (industry)
2 = retail and wholesale trade
3 = health and social services
4 = services such as consulting, auditing, research and development
5 = construction sector
6 = education and teaching
7 = services such as travel agency, security service, employment agency, caretaker, etc.
8 = financial services (banking, insurance, etc.)
9 = hotel and catering industry
10 = transport and dispatch services
11 = public administration, defence and social security
12 = agriculture, forestry and fishing
13 = personal services (e.g. hairdresser) and member organisations (e.g. religious associations)
14 = information and communication
15 = custom answer

1 = tenant
2 = owner
3 = other (e.g. free or official residence)

1 = Switzerland (CH)
2 = Switzerland (CH) plus other(s) ("dual citizen")
3 = other(s)

1 = yes, both in Switzerland
2 = no, one parent abroad
3 = no, both parents abroad

respondent's monthly gross household income
1 = up to CHF 3000
2 = CHF 3001–6000
3 = CHF 6001–9000
4 = CHF 9001–12000
5 = CHF 12001–15000
6 = over CHF 15000

how well the respondent gets along with his income
1 = not at all well
2 = not so well
3 = pretty well
4 = very well

respondent's personal share of gross household income (only persons not living alone)
1 = much less than half or nothing
2 = less than half
3 = about half
4 = more than half
5 = much more than half or everything

1 = online
2 = print

1 = online and print simultaneously
2 = online first, print only later with reminder letter
3 = online only

1 = finished without interruption
2 = finished after interruption
3 = unfinished

1 = received no reminder
2 = received reminder

1 = Aarau
2 = Baden
3 = Bremgarten
4 = Brugg
5 = Kulm
6 = Laufenburg
7 = Lenzburg
8 = Muri
9 = Rheinfelden
10 = Zofingen
11 = Zurzach

1 = none (municipality has not subscribed to the "easyvote" booklet)
2 = 18
3 = 19
4 = 20
5 = 21
6 = 22
7 = 23
8 = 24
9 = 25

Spatial typology by the Federal Statistical Office (FSO) of respondent's place of residence: Municipality size class ("Gemeinde-Grössenklasse")
1 = < 1,000 inhabitants
2 = 1000–1999 inhabitants
3 = 2000–4999 inhabitants
4 = 5000–9999 inhabitants
5 = 10000–19999 inhabitants
6 = 20000–49999 inhabitants
7 = 50000–99999 inhabitants
8 = ≥ 100000 inhabitants

Spatial typology by the Federal Statistical Office (FSO) of respondent's place of residence: Space with urban character ("Raum mit städtischem Charakter 2012")
1 = rural municipality without urban character
2 = core municipality outside agglomerations
3 = multiply oriented municipality
4 = agglomeration belt municipality
5 = agglomeration core municipality (secondary core)
6 = agglomeration core municipality (main core)
7 = agglomeration core municipality (core city)

Spatial typology by the Federal Statistical Office (FSO) of respondent's place of residence: Agglomeration size class 2012 ("Agglomerationsgrössenklasse 2012")
1 = no agglomeration affiliation
2 = < 50000 inhabitants
3 = 50000–99999 inhabitants
4 = 100000–249999 inhabitants
5 = 250000–499999 inhabitants
6 = ≥ 500000 inhabitants

1 = city
2 = no city

Spatial typology by the Federal Statistical Office (FSO) of respondent's place of residence: Eurostat's degree of urbanisation 2011 (DEGURBA)
1 = thinly populated area
2 = intermediate density area
3 = densely populated area

Spatial typology by the Federal Statistical Office (FSO) of respondent's place of residence: Municipality typology 2012 in 9 categories ("Gemeindetypologie 2012 (9 Kategorien)")
1 = rural peripheral municipality
2 = rural centrally located municipality
3 = rural central municipality
4 = periurban municipality of low density
5 = periurban municipality of medium density
6 = periurban municipality of high density
7 = urban municipality of a small or outside of an agglomeration
8 = urban municipality of a medium-sized agglomeration
9 = urban municipality of a large agglomeration

Spatial typology by the Federal Statistical Office (FSO) of respondent's place of residence: Municipality typology 2012 in 25 categories ("Gemeindetypologie 2012 (25 Kategorien)")
1 = rural peripheral mixed municipality
2 = rural peripheral agricultural municipality
3 = rural peripheral tourism municipality
4 = rural centrally located service municipality
5 = rural centrally located industrial municipality
6 = rural centrally located agricultural municipality
7 = service municipality of a rural centre
8 = industrial municipality of a rural centre
9 = tourism municipality of a rural centre
10 = periurban low density service municipality
11 = periurban low density industrial municipality
12 = periurban low density agricultural municipality
13 = periurban medium density service municipality
14 = periurban medium density industrial municipality
15 = periurban high density service municipality
16 = periurban high density industrial municipality
17 = urban service municipality of a small or outside of an agglomeration
18 = urban industrial municipality of a small or outside of an agglomeration
19 = urban tourism municipality of a small or outside of an agglomeration
20 = urban residential municipality of a medium-sized agglomeration
21 = urban workplace municipality of a medium-sized agglomeration
22 = core city of a medium-sized agglomeration
23 = urban residential municipality of a large agglomeration
24 = urban workplace municipality of a large agglomeration
25 = core city of a large agglomeration

Spatial typology by the Federal Statistical Office (FSO) of respondent's place of residence: City/rural typology 2012 ("Stadt/Land-Typologie 2012")
1 = rural
2 = intermediary
3 = urban

1 = yes (working)
2 = no (not working)

1 = referendum
2 = election
3 = both_referendum_and_election

1 = male
2 = female
3 = indeterminate

1 = mismatch
2 = match

whether or not the respondent received at least one COVID-19 vaccination
1 = no
2 = yes

respondent's age group (derived from age)
1 = 18–29 years
2 = 30–39 years
3 = 40–49 years
4 = 50–59 years
5 = 60–69 years
6 = 70+ years

respondent's left-right self-positioning (reduced)
1 = far left (0–2)
2 = left (3–4)
3 = center (5)
4 = right (6–7)
5 = far right (8–10)

respondent's trust in the cantonal government (reduced)
1 = very low (0–2)
2 = rather low (3–4)
3 = medium (5)
4 = rather high (6–7)
5 = very high (8–10)

1 = single
2 = married/in civil union
3 = widowed
4 = divorced/dissolved civil union

1 = none/undenominational
2 = Protestant/Reformed/Evangelical
3 = Catholic/Christian Catholic/Old Catholic
4 = other

respondent's highest level of education (reduced)
1 = no graduation, compulsory schooling
2 = apprenticeship, commercial diploma
3 = higher education entrance qualification, diploma/technical secondary school, higher vocational training
4 = polytechnic, university, ETH

1 = self-employed/freelancer
2 = employee
3 = in education
4 = pensioner
5 = unemployed
6 = other inactive person
7 = housewife/househusband

1 = SVP
2 = SP
3 = FDP
4 = Mitte
5 = Grüne
6 = GLP
7 = EVP
8 = other
9 = multiple (left)
10 = multiple (center-right)
11 = multiple (arbitrary)
12 = none
13 = CVP
14 = BDP

empirical quarter the respondent's monthly gross equivalised income belongs in
1 = bottom income quarter
2 = second income quarter
3 = third income quarter
4 = top income quarter

dummy value indicating whether or not the respondent answered the 1st skill questions about the 2nd federal proposal correctly (only voters)
1 = wrong
2 = correct

1 = receives no "easyvote" booklet from the municipality
2 = receives "easyvote" booklet from the municipality

1 = non-mobile device
2 = mobile device

respondent's latent expertise on the 2nd federal proposal, measured in 5 discrete categories (based on latent_expertise_federal_proposal_2; only voters)
1 = very low
2 = rather low
3 = medium
4 = rather high
5 = very high

issue in Swiss politics the respondent considers the most important one (choice of response options is based on the most recent "Credit Suisse Sorgenbarometer")
1 = OASI/pension provision
2 = health/health insurance
3 = foreigners
4 = environmental protection/climate
5 = unemployment/youth unemployment
6 = personal safety
7 = EU/bilateral agreements/European integration
8 = refugees/asylum
9 = social security
10 = atomic/nuclear energy
11 = drugs/alcohol
12 = inflation/rising prices
13 = state budget
14 = wages
15 = gender equality
16 = economic situation in Switzerland/Swiss franc strength
17 = racism/xenophobia
18 = societal coexistence
19 = educational system
20 = custom answer
21 = traffic/NRLA
22 = internet security/cyber espionage

party the respondent considers to be most competent to solve the main political issue in Swiss politics
1 = SVP
2 = SP
3 = FDP
4 = CVP
5 = Grüne
6 = GLP
7 = EVP
8 = BDP
9 = custom answer
10 = none

respondent's participation status at the past cantonal elections 4 years ago
1 = not participated or empty (blank vote)
2 = participated

respondent's answer to the 1st skill question about the cantonal political system
1 = They are appointed by the parties.
2 = They are elected by the Grand Council (cantonal parliament).
3 = They are elected at party meetings.
4 = They are elected by the voters of Aargau.

respondent's answer to the 2nd skill question about the cantonal political system
1 = He/she's the chief of police.
2 = He/she presides over the cantonal government.
3 = He/she is in charge of school supervision.
4 = He/she is president of the Grand Council (cantonal parliament).

respondent's answer to the 3rd skill question about the cantonal political system
1 = Resource equalization exists only between cantons and not between municipalities.
2 = Balanced conditions in the tax burden and in the services provided by the municipalities.
3 = That all municipalities have the same financial resources.
4 = That richer people in the same canton are taxed equally.

level of difficulty in understanding the election procedure for the respondent
1 = very easy
2 = rather easy
3 = rather difficult
4 = very difficult

whether the respondent submitted an unaltered ticket or modified an existing ticket/compiled a custom ticket in the 1st cantonal proportional election (only voters)
1 = unmodified ticket
2 = modified existing or compiled custom ticket

respondent's time of decision in the 1st cantonal proportional election (only voters)
1 = it has always been clear
2 = a few weeks before the election
3 = a few days before the election
4 = at the last moment

to what degree the respondent believes in a human-made global warming
1 = no, impossible
2 = rather no
3 = rather yes
4 = yes, absolutely

to what degree the respondent thinks that Switzerland must become fully climate-neutral in the forseeable future
1 = no
2 = yes, by 2050 at the latest
3 = yes, by 2035 at the latest
4 = yes, as soon as possible

to what degree the respondent thinks that Switzerland must take drastic policy measures to become fully climate-neutral (only climate neutrals)
1 = no, absolutely not
2 = rather no
3 = rather yes
4 = yes, absolutely

the extent to which the respondent agrees with the statement "I see myself as someone who is reserved."
1 = disagree strongly
2 = disagree a little
3 = neither agree nor disagree
4 = agree a little
5 = agree strongly

whether the respondent thinks that the canton should provide more money for the reduction of health insurance charges (smartvote question; only online respondents)
1 = no
2 = rather no
3 = rather yes
4 = yes

dummy value indicating whether or not the respondent voted for the 1st candidate in the 1st cantonal majoritarian election (only voters)
1 = not voted for
2 = voted for

issue in Swiss politics the respondent considers the most important one (choice of response options is based on the most recent "Credit Suisse Sorgenbarometer"; recoded extended set)
1 = OASI/pension provision
2 = health/health insurance
3 = foreigners
4 = environmental protection/climate
5 = unemployment/youth unemployment
6 = personal safety
7 = EU/bilateral agreements/European integration
8 = refugees/asylum
9 = social security
10 = atomic/nuclear energy
11 = drugs/alcohol
12 = inflation/rising prices
13 = state budget
14 = wages
15 = gender equality
16 = economic situation in Switzerland/Swiss franc strength
17 = racism/xenophobia
18 = societal coexistence
19 = educational system
20 = COVID-19 pandemic
21 = other

whether or not the respondent would still have participated in the ballot if only federal and no cantonal proposals had been put to the vote (only federal and cantonal participants)
1 = certainly not
2 = probably not
3 = probably
4 = certainly

respondent's answer to the 1st skill question about the 1st federal proposal (only voters)
1 = Land Transport Agreement («Landverkehrsabkommen»)
2 = Treaty on the Free Movement of Persons («Personenfreizügigkeitsabkommen»)
3 = Agreement of Technical Barriers to Trade («Abkommen über technische Handelshemmnisse»)

respondent's answer to the 2nd skill question about the 1st federal proposal (only voters)
1 = Less than 40'000 people.
2 = Between 40'000 and 60'000 people.
3 = More than 60'000 people.

respondent's answer to the 3rd skill question about the 1st federal proposal (only voters)
1 = The Free Trade Agreement with the EU.
2 = The Schengen/Dublin agreements.
3 = The other six agreements of Bilaterals I.

whether or not the respondent saw political advertisings such as street posters, flyers, online advertisements, etc. for or against the cantonal proposals
1 = Yes, most of them from the pro camp
2 = Yes, most of them from the contra camp
3 = Yes, from both sides to about the same extent
4 = No, I have not seen any political advertising

importance the respondent attaches to the position of the cantonal government regarding his/her voting decision on the 1st cantonal proposal (only participating online respondents)
1 = very important
2 = rather important
3 = rather unimportant
4 = irrelevant
5 = don't know the government's position on this proposal

importance the respondent attaches to the position of the cantonal parliament regarding his/her voting decision on the 1st cantonal proposal (only participating online respondents)
1 = very important
2 = rather important
3 = rather unimportant
4 = irrelevant
5 = don't know the parliament's position on this proposal

respondent's answer to the 1st skill question about the federal political system
1 = the Federal Supreme Court
2 = the presidents of the political parties
3 = the National Council and the Council of States (Federal Assembly) and, if necessary, the people (referendum)
4 = the Federal Chancellery

respondent's answer to the 2nd skill question about the federal political system
1 = how many members the individual parties have in the cantons.
2 = how many votes the parties and the individual candidates obtain in the elections.
3 = the level of voter turnout in the individual cantons.
4 = that the parties are equally represented in the National Council and the Council of States.

respondent's answer to the 3rd skill question about the federal political system
1 = against resolutions of the President of the Confederation
2 = against judgments of the Federal Supreme Court
3 = against bills proposed by the Federal Assembly (National Council and Council of States)
4 = against actions of the Federal Administration

respondent's attitude towards the opposition between environmentalism and economic prosperity
1 = 1 (environmental protection more important)
2 = 2
3 = 3
4 = 4
5 = 5 (economic prosperity more important)

1 = private sector
2 = public sector
3 = other (e.g. mixed-economy)

respondent's main motivation to vote in favor of the 1st cantonal proposal (only yes-voters of cantonal proposal 1)
1 = to follow a specific voting recommendation
2 = to restructure the cantonal budget
3 = to establish (tax) justice
4 = to relieve financially weak persons and/or the middle class
5 = to create a balance between rich and poor
6 = to charge the rich more
7 = no specific reason
8 = custom answer

respondent's main motivation to vote against the 1st cantonal proposal (only no-voters of cantonal proposal 1)
1 = to follow a specific voting recommendation
2 = to avoid any risks
3 = to keep things the way they are
4 = not to scare away good tax payers
5 = to secure the prosperity of the canton of Aargau
6 = to maintain the tax attractiveness of the canton of Aargau
7 = didn't want to support a JUSO initiative
8 = no specific reason
9 = custom answer